Photosynthesis is the process by which all green plants contains the green pigment called chlorophyll, which build up complex organic molecules from relatively simple inorganic ones using light as an energy source. The process is very complex and there are several steps as well as intermediary compounds that are formed.
Scientists had tried to formulate a simple equation for photosynthesis over the past 200
years. An equation that was readily accepted and is still widely used is the one formulated and proposed by C.B. Van Neil in the year 1931 which is as follows. His opinion was, “for each molecule of carbohydrate formed, one molecule of water and one molecule oxygen is also produced”. This is a very simplified equation and does not reflect the complexity of the process of photosynthesis yet we shall use it for now.
What would be the reaction to show that glucose (C6H12O6) is being synthesized?
Write down a balanced equation to show this. It is known that plants synthesize carbohydrates, the smaller simpler ones first and from which the more complex ones like starch and cellulose are synthesized. Plants are also capable of synthesizing all other compounds like proteins, fats etc.
Animals are not capable of synthesizing carbohydrates and they have to depend on plants for the same. Can we state that photosynthesis is the basic energy source for most
of the living world? Why, why not? Let us find out whether plants produce carbohydrates by the process of photosynthesis.
Boil the leaf in methylated spirit over a water bath till it becomes pale-white due to the removal of chlorophyll . Observe the leaf. Spread the leaf in a dish and add a few drops of tincture iodine/ betadine solution on it. Again observe the leaf.
What do you see?
The presence of starch will be indicated by a blue-black colour. Do you think solar energy transforms into chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis?
Materials essential for the process of Photosynthesis What are the materials that you think would be essential for the synthesis of carbohydrates in the process of photosynthesis? (Hint: Equation proposed by Van Neil)
Do you think the equation tells us about all the materials involved?
It took scientists over 300 years to find out about them and still there are several materials involved in the process that we don’t know about.
Let us study how scientists worked to find out about some of the materials required for the process of photosynthesis.
10th Biology - Autotrophic Nutrition - New Syllabus
When we do activities such as breathing, working, walking, etc. we need energy. At the same time when we are not doing any apparent activity also, energy is needed to maintain the working of our body. Where does the energy comes to perform all these activities? The source of energy for these activities comes from the food which we eat.
You had studied in your previous classes about how different organisms get their food. Let us recall them.
• What are saprophytes?
• What are heterotrophs?
• What are autotrophs?
• How does our body perform different functions?
• Where does
How do plants obtain food materials? What do they do with simple substances present in nature?
I . Autotrophic Nutrition
We know that autotrophs are the organisms capable of using light energy to synthesize chemical compounds. They acquire nutrients like some minerals and water from the soil as well as some gases from the air. They are capable of producing large compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids etc. from these very simple substances. These
carbohydrates produced by plants are utilized for providing energy in most living organisms and all animals including human beings.
Everything we eat comes from plants why don’t the plants get used up? What are they using to grow and produce more plants, more seeds? Scientists have been working for centuries to find out how plants carry out their life processes. We know that among all life processes, the process of photosynthesis makes plants the universal food provider for all living organisms.
You had studied somthing about photosynthesis in your earlier classes. Van Helmant and other scientists believed that platns gets food material not only from soil other factors are also there. What do you think are some raw materials needed for photosynthesis?
What could be the end products of the process of photosynthesis? Let us study the process of photosynthesis in detail to find out more about this.
You had studied in your previous classes about how different organisms get their food. Let us recall them.
• What are saprophytes?
• What are heterotrophs?
• What are autotrophs?
• How does our body perform different functions?
• Where does
How do plants obtain food materials? What do they do with simple substances present in nature?
I . Autotrophic Nutrition
We know that autotrophs are the organisms capable of using light energy to synthesize chemical compounds. They acquire nutrients like some minerals and water from the soil as well as some gases from the air. They are capable of producing large compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids etc. from these very simple substances. These
carbohydrates produced by plants are utilized for providing energy in most living organisms and all animals including human beings.
Everything we eat comes from plants why don’t the plants get used up? What are they using to grow and produce more plants, more seeds? Scientists have been working for centuries to find out how plants carry out their life processes. We know that among all life processes, the process of photosynthesis makes plants the universal food provider for all living organisms.
You had studied somthing about photosynthesis in your earlier classes. Van Helmant and other scientists believed that platns gets food material not only from soil other factors are also there. What do you think are some raw materials needed for photosynthesis?
What could be the end products of the process of photosynthesis? Let us study the process of photosynthesis in detail to find out more about this.
10th Class New Text Books Download All Subjects 2014
Government of Andhra Pradesh and Board of School Education (BSEAP) have uploaded the 10th Class / SSC new text books for download from the website. The new text books can be downloaded from the website http://sscnewbooks.tk .
Students can download Tenth Class new text books from the above mentioned website. The text books prepared according to the new syllabus of BSEAP for the following subjects are available on the above mentioned website sscnewbooks.tk .
The soft copies of the text books only available on the website. The books are distributed at the work shop conducted by the Government. The SCERT may change or may not change the content. Hence you can wait for the final copy of the text books.
Students can see the SCERT website www.apscert.in for latest updates on the 10th Class syllabus changes and new text books information.
The Subjects are:
1) Telugu 1st Language
2) Telugu 2nd Language
3) Hindi
4) English
5) Mathematics: Telugu Medium and English Medium
6) Physics: English Medium
7) Chemistry: English Medium
8) Biology : English Medium
9) Social Studies: English Medium
Students can download Tenth Class new text books from the above mentioned website. The text books prepared according to the new syllabus of BSEAP for the following subjects are available on the above mentioned website sscnewbooks.tk .
The soft copies of the text books only available on the website. The books are distributed at the work shop conducted by the Government. The SCERT may change or may not change the content. Hence you can wait for the final copy of the text books.
Students can see the SCERT website www.apscert.in for latest updates on the 10th Class syllabus changes and new text books information.
The Subjects are:
1) Telugu 1st Language
2) Telugu 2nd Language
3) Hindi
4) English
5) Mathematics: Telugu Medium and English Medium
6) Physics: English Medium
7) Chemistry: English Medium
8) Biology : English Medium
9) Social Studies: English Medium
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