Factors influencing climate and weather: It is observed for some places (e.g. Chennai) that there is not much difference in the temperature across months. Some places (e.g. Delhi) have wide differences in temperature across the months.
India experiences wide variations in temperature. The northern portion is bounded by the Himalayas whereas southern peninsula is surrounded by seas. Some places are far from the coasts; they are inland. Some places are at high altitude, whereas others are on the plain. The factors that affect climate are called climatic controls. These include:
1. Latitude
2. Land-water relationship
3. Relief
4. Upper air circulation
1. Latitude or distance from the equator
The average temperatures for the year drop the further an area is away from the equator. For this reason, we divide the regions on Earth as:
Tropical, those close to the Equator;
Polar, as those close to the poles;
Temperate, as those in between these two extremes.
If we compare the climate of, say, Indonesia and Japan, we can understand the differences. The reason for these differences is the differential heating of Earth that you have read in earlier classes. Intensity of temperature depends on the latitude. The temperature of the atmosphere at a particular place near the earth’s surface depends upon the insolation (heat from sun rays) received at that location. This is more intense in the low than in the high latitudes. As we move away from the equator towards the poles, the average annual temperature shows lower values.
Q. Using a globe recall and discuss what you may have read earlier. How does the angle of sun vary at different latitudes? What impact does this have?
In India the southern part lies in the tropical belt close to the equator. Owing to this, the region has higher average temperature than the northern part. This is one reason for the climate of Kanyakumari being entirely different from Bhopal or Delhi. India is situated roughly between 8o and 37o N latitudes and the country is divided in almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer. The part south of the Tropic of Cancer lies in the tropical zone. The part north of the Tropic of Cancer lies in the temperate zone.
2. Land water relationship:
Look at map of India showing land cover and water bodies, and you will see another important factor which has an influence on climate: the land and water relationship . The amount of sunlight that is first absorbed and then radiated back or directly reflected depends on the nature of the surface. Darker areas, such as heavily vegetated regions, tend to be good absorbers; lighter areas, such as snow and ice - covered regions, tend to be good reflectors. The ocean absorbs and loses heat more slowly than land. This affects climate in many ways. One of this is the formation of land and sea breeze. From the illustration below explain how this happens.
10th Social Studies New Text Book - Climate and Weather
Climate and Weather: The state of atmospheric conditions over an area at a particular point of time refers to weather. These weather conditions fluctuate very often even in short period. Climate refers to such conditions over a large area and follows a similar general pattern over many years. What have been the general conditions, year after year, over thirty years or more, gives us the climate.
There are variations from year to year but a basic pattern remains the same. On the basis of these generalized conditions, the year is divided into seasons. The important elements of climate such as temperature (maximum and minimum) and rainfall can be shown with the help of climographs (also called ‘climatographs’). The elements of weather and climate are: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation.
Climographs of a few places in India.
This file was behaving very odd, I am removing the photos - Suresh The above graphs show that temperature and rainfall vary in different parts of the country. Refer to your atlas and identify the relief region where these places are located. Also
read the above graphs and note the following:
1. What are the warmest and coldest months in Leh?
2. From the range of temperatures in the above table can you say that Jaipur is, in general, hotter than Leh? Justify your answer.
3. Compare the climate of Delhi and Chennai. How are they different?
4. Read carefully the rainfall pattern for Leh? In what ways is this different from others? From your atlas can you find out some other places in the world that have similar rainfall pattern?
5. Identify the monsoon months for Chennai. How is this different from Jaipur.
6. Using your atlas fill in the latitudes of these locations, in the climographs.
There are variations from year to year but a basic pattern remains the same. On the basis of these generalized conditions, the year is divided into seasons. The important elements of climate such as temperature (maximum and minimum) and rainfall can be shown with the help of climographs (also called ‘climatographs’). The elements of weather and climate are: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation.
Climographs of a few places in India.
This file was behaving very odd, I am removing the photos - Suresh The above graphs show that temperature and rainfall vary in different parts of the country. Refer to your atlas and identify the relief region where these places are located. Also
read the above graphs and note the following:
1. What are the warmest and coldest months in Leh?
2. From the range of temperatures in the above table can you say that Jaipur is, in general, hotter than Leh? Justify your answer.
3. Compare the climate of Delhi and Chennai. How are they different?
4. Read carefully the rainfall pattern for Leh? In what ways is this different from others? From your atlas can you find out some other places in the world that have similar rainfall pattern?
5. Identify the monsoon months for Chennai. How is this different from Jaipur.
6. Using your atlas fill in the latitudes of these locations, in the climographs.
Central Tool Room and Training Centre Admissions into Diploma Courses 2014
Contral Tool Room and Training Centre is inviting applications from eligible candidates for admissions into Diploma Courses for the academic session 2014.
Courses : 4 years Diploma Tool and Die Making and 3 Years Diploma in Mechatronics courses.
Eligibility : Passed in Matriculation / 10th class with Mathematics and Science (Physics / Chemistry or both) with minimum 50 percent marks in aggregate.
Age : Between 15 to 18 years.
Application procedure : The completed application form along with relevant documents and fee DD for Rs. 500 should reach the concerned address given in the notification. Last date for the receipt of application form is 12th March, 2014. Website : http://cttc.gov.in.
Courses : 4 years Diploma Tool and Die Making and 3 Years Diploma in Mechatronics courses.
Eligibility : Passed in Matriculation / 10th class with Mathematics and Science (Physics / Chemistry or both) with minimum 50 percent marks in aggregate.
Age : Between 15 to 18 years.
Application procedure : The completed application form along with relevant documents and fee DD for Rs. 500 should reach the concerned address given in the notification. Last date for the receipt of application form is 12th March, 2014. Website : http://cttc.gov.in.
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