Q: Describe a procedure for measuring the velocity of sound in a
stretched string.
A: A uniform wire is stretched between two rigid supports of a
Sonometer. It is tuned to resonance by adjusting the distance between
the bridges. When the system of a vibrating tuning fork of known
frequency (f) is pressed on the Sonometer board, the paper rider
placed on the wire at its centre is automatically thrown off at
correct resonance.
If 'l' is the distance between the bridges, when resonance occurs,
then l = λ−2 (length of a loop) λ = 2l
The velocity of Sound, V = f λ
V = f × 2l = 2 l f.
Q: What do you understand by "resonance"? How would you use resonance
to determine the velocity of sound in air?
A: Resonance: When the frequency of external periodic force acting on
an oscillator is equal to the natural frequency of the oscillator, it
oscillates with maximum amplitude.
This phenomenon is called resonance. Experiment: When natural
frequency of air column coincides with the frequency of vibrating
tuning fork, the air column would be in resonance with the tuning fork
and the air column
is called resonating air column. Consider a uniform cylindrical tube
which is open at one end and closed at the other end.
The length of air column in the closed tube can be changed by changing
the water level in the tube. When a vibrating tuning fork of known
frequency 'f' Hz is placed close to the opened end of the tube, the
air column in the tube begins to vibrate. Due to reflection of waves
at water surface in the tube and superposition of waves stationary
waves are formed in the air column with node at water surface and
antinode at free end of the tube. The first and second modes of
vibrating air column in resonance with the vibrating tuning fork are
shown in the figure given in the textbook.
Junior Inter Physics Important Questions for AP and Telangana
Q: Define thermal equilibrium. How does it leads to Zeroth law of
thermodynamics?
A: Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium, if the
temperature of two systems are equal and there is no net flow of heat
between them, when they are brought into thermal contact.
Zeroth law: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third
system separately, then they must be in equilibrium with each other.
Q: What thermodynamic variables can be defined by a) Zeroth law b) First law.
A: In Zeroth law of thermodynamics temperature is a thermodynamic variable.
In first law of thermodynamics internal energy is a thermodynamic variable.
Q: How much will be the internal energy change in
1) Isothermal process 2) Adiabatic process
A: There is no change in the energy of an ideal gas in an isothermal
process. i.e., ΔU = 0
For an adiabatic process ΔQ = 0
ΔU = − ΔW
Work done by the gas results in its internal energy.
thermodynamics?
A: Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium, if the
temperature of two systems are equal and there is no net flow of heat
between them, when they are brought into thermal contact.
Zeroth law: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third
system separately, then they must be in equilibrium with each other.
Q: What thermodynamic variables can be defined by a) Zeroth law b) First law.
A: In Zeroth law of thermodynamics temperature is a thermodynamic variable.
In first law of thermodynamics internal energy is a thermodynamic variable.
Q: How much will be the internal energy change in
1) Isothermal process 2) Adiabatic process
A: There is no change in the energy of an ideal gas in an isothermal
process. i.e., ΔU = 0
For an adiabatic process ΔQ = 0
ΔU = − ΔW
Work done by the gas results in its internal energy.
Senior Inter Physics Important Questions for AP and Telangana States - Waves Chapter
The syllabus and examination pattern for Intermediate Physics (Senior
Inter) are same to AP and Telangana students. Here we are giving some
important questions for Waves chapter in Senior Intermediate in
English Medium
Q: Distinguish between Longitudinal Waves and Transverse Waves.
A: Longitudinal Waves :
1. In this wave, particles of the medium vibrate along the direction
of wave propagation.
2. Examples: Sound waves, Waves on springs.
3. When a Longitudinal wave travels through a medium compressions and
Rarefactions are formed alternatively.
4. Longitudinal waves are possible in solids, liquids and gases, as
they need bulk modulus of elasticity.
5. Longitudinal waves do not undergo polarisation.
Transverse Waves:
1. In this wave, particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the
direction of wave propagation.
2. Examples: Light waves, Waves on strings under tension.
3. When a Transverse wave travels through a medium crests and troughs
are formed alternatively.
4. Transverse waves are possible in solids only, as they need shear
modulus of elasticity.
5. Transverse waves can undergo polarisation.
Q: Explain the differences in the formation of Stationary Waves and Beats.
A:
Stationary Waves :
1. These waves are formed due to the superposition of two identical
progressive waves of same kind travelling
in the opposite directions along the same line.
2. Energy is not transported in the medium.
Beats:
1. These are formed due to the superposition of two sound waves of
slightly different frequencies travelling in the same direction.
2. Energy is transported in the medium. Redistribution of energy takes
place with respect to time.
Q: What is the ratio of the frequencies of harmonics in an air column
of same length in
(i) a closed pipe and (ii) an open pipe?
A: (i) In closed pipes, only odd harmonics are possible and the
frequencies ratio is 1 : 3 : 5 : 7 : ..
(ii) In open pipes, all harmonics are possible and frequencies of
harmonics are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : ....
Q: What is Doppler effect? Write its limitation.
A: The apparent change in frequency of sound due to relative motion
between the listener and source of sound is called Doppler effect.
Doppler effect is applicable when the velocities of the source of
sound and listener are much less than the velocity of sound in the
surrounding medium.
Inter) are same to AP and Telangana students. Here we are giving some
important questions for Waves chapter in Senior Intermediate in
English Medium
Q: Distinguish between Longitudinal Waves and Transverse Waves.
A: Longitudinal Waves :
1. In this wave, particles of the medium vibrate along the direction
of wave propagation.
2. Examples: Sound waves, Waves on springs.
3. When a Longitudinal wave travels through a medium compressions and
Rarefactions are formed alternatively.
4. Longitudinal waves are possible in solids, liquids and gases, as
they need bulk modulus of elasticity.
5. Longitudinal waves do not undergo polarisation.
Transverse Waves:
1. In this wave, particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the
direction of wave propagation.
2. Examples: Light waves, Waves on strings under tension.
3. When a Transverse wave travels through a medium crests and troughs
are formed alternatively.
4. Transverse waves are possible in solids only, as they need shear
modulus of elasticity.
5. Transverse waves can undergo polarisation.
Q: Explain the differences in the formation of Stationary Waves and Beats.
A:
Stationary Waves :
1. These waves are formed due to the superposition of two identical
progressive waves of same kind travelling
in the opposite directions along the same line.
2. Energy is not transported in the medium.
Beats:
1. These are formed due to the superposition of two sound waves of
slightly different frequencies travelling in the same direction.
2. Energy is transported in the medium. Redistribution of energy takes
place with respect to time.
Q: What is the ratio of the frequencies of harmonics in an air column
of same length in
(i) a closed pipe and (ii) an open pipe?
A: (i) In closed pipes, only odd harmonics are possible and the
frequencies ratio is 1 : 3 : 5 : 7 : ..
(ii) In open pipes, all harmonics are possible and frequencies of
harmonics are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : ....
Q: What is Doppler effect? Write its limitation.
A: The apparent change in frequency of sound due to relative motion
between the listener and source of sound is called Doppler effect.
Doppler effect is applicable when the velocities of the source of
sound and listener are much less than the velocity of sound in the
surrounding medium.
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