Q: What are lateral appendages of flagellae? Based on their presence or absence, write various types of flagellae giving at least one example for each type.
A: a. Some types of flagellae have one or more rows of short, lateral appendages called mastigonemes and flimmers.
b. Based on the occurrence of the lateral appendages, flagellae are classified into the following five types:
1. Stichonematic: One row of lateral appendages on axoneme. Ex: Euglena
2. Pantonematic: Two or more rows of lateral appendages on
axoneme. Ex: Monax
3. Acronematic: Lateral appendages are absent. But axoneme is bare
at the tip. Ex: Polytoma
4. Pantacronematic: Axoneme has two or more rows of lateral
appendages and axoneme is bare at the tip. Ex: Urceolus
5. Anematic: Lateral appendages are absent. Axoneme is sheathed entire length. Ex: Chilomonas.
Inter First Year Zoology Unit V Important Questions for 2 Marks
Q: List out any two differences between a flagellum and a cilium.
A:
Flagellum:
a. It is a long and whip like structure.
b. Flagellae generally originate in the anterior part of the body.
c. flagellae exhibit undular movements.
Cilium:
a. It is a short and hair like structure.
b. Cilia are present all over the body or confined to peristome only.
c. Cilia exhibit pendular movements.
Q: Draw a labelled diagram of T. S. of flagellum.
A:
A:
Flagellum:
a. It is a long and whip like structure.
b. Flagellae generally originate in the anterior part of the body.
c. flagellae exhibit undular movements.
Cilium:
a. It is a short and hair like structure.
b. Cilia are present all over the body or confined to peristome only.
c. Cilia exhibit pendular movements.
Q: Draw a labelled diagram of T. S. of flagellum.
A:
Inter First Year Zoology 2 Marks Important Questions - Unit V
Q: What is a kinety?
A: In ciliate protozoans, a row of kinetosomes along with kinetodesmata constitute a kinety. It lies just below the pellicle.
Q: What are dynein arms? What is their significance?
A: a. Each A tubule of the each peripheral tubule of flagellum has a pair of arms,
known as dynein arms. They extend towards B tubule of the adjacent doublet.
b. Dynein arms help in bending of flagellum.
Q: Differentiate proter and opisthe.
A: During binary fission in Paramecium, the daughter individual formed from the anterior
half of the parent is called proter and that is formed from the posterior part is
known as opisthe.
Q: Define conjugation with reference to ciliates. Give two examples.
A: Temporary union of two ciliates for the exchange of micronuclear material is
known as conjugation. Eg: Paramecium, Vorticella.
Q: Why do we refer to the offspring formed by asexual method of reproduction, a
clone?
A: As the daughter individuals formed by asexual reproduction are morphologically
as well as genetically similar to that of the parent organism, they are described as
a clone.
A: In ciliate protozoans, a row of kinetosomes along with kinetodesmata constitute a kinety. It lies just below the pellicle.
Q: What are dynein arms? What is their significance?
A: a. Each A tubule of the each peripheral tubule of flagellum has a pair of arms,
known as dynein arms. They extend towards B tubule of the adjacent doublet.
b. Dynein arms help in bending of flagellum.
Q: Differentiate proter and opisthe.
A: During binary fission in Paramecium, the daughter individual formed from the anterior
half of the parent is called proter and that is formed from the posterior part is
known as opisthe.
Q: Define conjugation with reference to ciliates. Give two examples.
A: Temporary union of two ciliates for the exchange of micronuclear material is
known as conjugation. Eg: Paramecium, Vorticella.
Q: Why do we refer to the offspring formed by asexual method of reproduction, a
clone?
A: As the daughter individuals formed by asexual reproduction are morphologically
as well as genetically similar to that of the parent organism, they are described as
a clone.
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