Adjective: An adjective is a word which qualifies a noun and adds something to its meaning.
Eg: (i) English is a rich language (English - noun; rich - adjective)
(ii) Nigine is a small village. (Nigine - Noun: small - adjective)
Study the following sentences.
1. I don't like that boy. - Which boy?
2. Agasya bought a dozen bananas - How many bananas?
3. There is little time for preparation - How much time?
4. Saikrishna is a clever boy - Boy of what kind?
Kinds of Adjectives:
Adjectives may be classified into the following class. Study them.
Proper - Indian, Australian, Chinese, English
Descriptive - Red, big, tiny, sick, brave, cautious, honest etc.
Quantitative - Half, whole, much, little, no, some, any etc.
Numeral:
1) Definite - One, first, two, second, three, third etc.
2) Indefinite - Some, many, enough, several, sundry etc.
3) Distributive - Each, every, either, neither.
Demonstrative - This, these, that, those, same, such etc.
Interrogative - What, which, whose, etc.
Possessive - My, our, your, his, her, its, their
Emphasising - Own, very etc.
Exclamatory - What! etc.
Examples:
(i) Mr. Pasha shows much patience.
(ii) The whole money was deposited in the bank.
(iii) Sunday is the first day of the week.
Adjectives change in form to show comparison. They are called Degrees of
Comparison.
Examples:
(i) No other girl in the class is so intelligent as Sandhya. (Positive Degree)
(ii) Sandhya is more intelligent than any other girl in the class (Comparative Degree)
(iii) Sandhya is the most intelligent of all other girls in the class. (Superlative degree)
(iv) Sandhya is an intelligent girl in the class. (No degree)
Pronoun:
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
Eg: Gangothri is a sensitive girl. She keeps her secrets with herself.
Here, she stands for Gangothri. We do not repeat the same word (Gangothri) in the immediate second sentence, so the pronoun 'she' is used instead of the noun (Gangothri).
Her and herself belong to the same girl; hence pronouns!
Note that the part of speech of a word changes according to the work it do in a
sentence.
Eg: 1. Who is your class teacher? Here, who is a question word.
2. Dr. C. Narayan Reddy, who is a poet, is coming to Boath tomorrow.
Here, who is a pronoun.
The Personal Pronouns are used thus;
1. Hemamalini gets her clothes pressed in Paris.
2. No one takes Agasya to school. She goes at her own.
3. My mother is not at home. She is in the farmhouse.
4. The wounded lion dragged itself to its cave.
5. We have occupied our seats. Have you occupied yours?
6. Ours is a Telugu Medium school.
10th Class English Grammar and Vocabulary - Parts of Speech Tips
A verb is defined as a word that expresses the action of doing, being or possessing.
Examples:
(i) Birds fly. (action of doing)
(ii) Alexander was a great warrior (action of being)
(iii) Uttej has a foreign car. (action of possessing)
Regular Doing Verbs (RDV) are - do / does / did, take, see, write etc.
The forms of 'be' are - am / is, was, are, were etc.
Possessive forms are - have / has / had.
Verbs change their form according to the tense i.e., into Present Simple, Simple Past and Past Participle.
Eg: Take - took - taken and the like.
In addition to these verbs, Helping Verbs or Modals are there.
They are - may / might, will / would, can / could, shall / should etc.
Eg: (i) It may rain any moment.
(ii) Anil can swim well.
(iii) Nikitha won't come to school today.
(won't = will not)
Note that the modals (may, can, won't) are used with regular doing words (Verbs) (rain, swim, come respectively).
Adverb:
An adverb is a word which describes or adds something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Eg: Rakshith plays cricket well.
Most of the adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the adjectives.
Eg: Beautiful (adj) - beautifully (adv)
Excellent (adj) - excellently (adv) etc.
But, good (adj) - well (adv)/ fast (adj) - fast (adv) etc.
The following are the main kinds of adverbs:
Time - Soon, Late, Already, Now, Then, Daily etc.
Place - In, Inside, Here, There, Outside, Below etc.
Degree - Much, More, Almost, Enough, Very, Too etc.
Manner - Well, Badly, Fast, Slowly, Quickly etc.
Number - Once, Twice, Always, Often, Some times, Never etc.
Eg: The underlined words are adverbs.
Study them.
(i) Come and sit here
(ii) The horse is a fast animal. It runs fast. (fast - adj; fast - adv)
(iii) The patient is almost dead.
(iv) 'You are late again'
(v) I go to movies once in a week.
Examples:
(i) Birds fly. (action of doing)
(ii) Alexander was a great warrior (action of being)
(iii) Uttej has a foreign car. (action of possessing)
Regular Doing Verbs (RDV) are - do / does / did, take, see, write etc.
The forms of 'be' are - am / is, was, are, were etc.
Possessive forms are - have / has / had.
Verbs change their form according to the tense i.e., into Present Simple, Simple Past and Past Participle.
Eg: Take - took - taken and the like.
In addition to these verbs, Helping Verbs or Modals are there.
They are - may / might, will / would, can / could, shall / should etc.
Eg: (i) It may rain any moment.
(ii) Anil can swim well.
(iii) Nikitha won't come to school today.
(won't = will not)
Note that the modals (may, can, won't) are used with regular doing words (Verbs) (rain, swim, come respectively).
Adverb:
An adverb is a word which describes or adds something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Eg: Rakshith plays cricket well.
Most of the adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the adjectives.
Eg: Beautiful (adj) - beautifully (adv)
Excellent (adj) - excellently (adv) etc.
But, good (adj) - well (adv)/ fast (adj) - fast (adv) etc.
The following are the main kinds of adverbs:
Time - Soon, Late, Already, Now, Then, Daily etc.
Place - In, Inside, Here, There, Outside, Below etc.
Degree - Much, More, Almost, Enough, Very, Too etc.
Manner - Well, Badly, Fast, Slowly, Quickly etc.
Number - Once, Twice, Always, Often, Some times, Never etc.
Eg: The underlined words are adverbs.
Study them.
(i) Come and sit here
(ii) The horse is a fast animal. It runs fast. (fast - adj; fast - adv)
(iii) The patient is almost dead.
(iv) 'You are late again'
(v) I go to movies once in a week.
10th Class English Part - B Grammar and Vocabulary - Parts of Speech Tips
Following is the 10th Class English Part - B Grammar and Vocabulary study material for SSC public exams of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana state boards.
Parts of Speech: 'Language is the dress of thought': We use words to express our thoughts. These words are divided into different classes called parts of speech, according to the work they do in a sentence.
The parts of speech are eight in number as listed below:
1) Noun 2) Pronoun 3)Adjective 4) Verb 5) Adverb 6) Preposition 7) Conjunction 8) Interjection
Noun:
A noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing. In other words 'naming word' is a noun!
Eg: Thomas saw a tiger in the cave.
'Thomas' is the name of a person; 'tiger' is the name of a thing (an animal) and 'cave' is the name of a place.
Nouns are chiefly classified into four types. They are:
(i) Proper Nouns
Eg: Sahithi, Nirmal, Soujanya, Rohith, Neradigonda, Australia, etc.
(ii) Common Nouns
Eg: table, gold, wheat, boys, salt, starts, etc.
(iii) Collective Nouns
Eg: bunch, crowd, army, class, team, etc.
(iv) Abstract Nouns
Eg: fear, beauty, knowledge, dark, wisdom, etc.
Note that countable and uncountable nouns are also equally important to be
thoroughly studied.
Countable Nouns are those that can be counted.
Eg: Lion, fruit, fish, pen, book, etc.
Uncountable nouns are those that cannot be counted.
Eg: Rice, water, diesel, air, milk, etc.
Note the difference:
1. Pareekshith bought an orange, three bananas and a dozen eggs. The underlined
words are countable nouns. (Orange = singular; Bananas and eggs = plural)
2. Akash drank two glasses of water. (Glasses - countable noun where as water - uncountable noun).
Countable nouns may be either singular or plural. That is, they have 'number'. But
uncountable nouns have no number.
Look at these sentences:
1. Ganghothri brought some fruits.
2. Ruthika bought many things in the exhibition.
3. Akash drank much water.
4. I have some work at home to do.
Observe that some is used for both countable and uncountable nouns, much is used only for uncountable nouns and many is used for countable nouns.
Parts of Speech: 'Language is the dress of thought': We use words to express our thoughts. These words are divided into different classes called parts of speech, according to the work they do in a sentence.
The parts of speech are eight in number as listed below:
1) Noun 2) Pronoun 3)Adjective 4) Verb 5) Adverb 6) Preposition 7) Conjunction 8) Interjection
Noun:
A noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing. In other words 'naming word' is a noun!
Eg: Thomas saw a tiger in the cave.
'Thomas' is the name of a person; 'tiger' is the name of a thing (an animal) and 'cave' is the name of a place.
Nouns are chiefly classified into four types. They are:
(i) Proper Nouns
Eg: Sahithi, Nirmal, Soujanya, Rohith, Neradigonda, Australia, etc.
(ii) Common Nouns
Eg: table, gold, wheat, boys, salt, starts, etc.
(iii) Collective Nouns
Eg: bunch, crowd, army, class, team, etc.
(iv) Abstract Nouns
Eg: fear, beauty, knowledge, dark, wisdom, etc.
Note that countable and uncountable nouns are also equally important to be
thoroughly studied.
Countable Nouns are those that can be counted.
Eg: Lion, fruit, fish, pen, book, etc.
Uncountable nouns are those that cannot be counted.
Eg: Rice, water, diesel, air, milk, etc.
Note the difference:
1. Pareekshith bought an orange, three bananas and a dozen eggs. The underlined
words are countable nouns. (Orange = singular; Bananas and eggs = plural)
2. Akash drank two glasses of water. (Glasses - countable noun where as water - uncountable noun).
Countable nouns may be either singular or plural. That is, they have 'number'. But
uncountable nouns have no number.
Look at these sentences:
1. Ganghothri brought some fruits.
2. Ruthika bought many things in the exhibition.
3. Akash drank much water.
4. I have some work at home to do.
Observe that some is used for both countable and uncountable nouns, much is used only for uncountable nouns and many is used for countable nouns.
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