revised, the students need to note that some of the questions have
been deleted while a few have been added. Some of the important
questions discussed here are according to the 2014 reprint textbook.
2 Marks Questions
Q: Define respiratory climacteric. Name the PGR associated with it.
A: A rise in the rate of respiration during fruit ripening is called
respiratory climacteric. Ethylene.
Q: Define the terms quiescence and dormancy.
A: When a seed is unable to germinate because of unfavourable external
conditions required for growth it is called quiescence. When a seed is
unable to germinate due to internal conditions like hard seed coats it
is called dormancy. (Though the external conditions are favourable).
Q: What is conjugation? Who discovered it and in which organism?
A: The direct transfer of DNA from donor cell to the recipient cell
through a conjugation tube between two live bacteria is called
conjugation. Lederberg and Tatum, Escherichia coli.
Q: What is transduction? Who discovered it and in which organism?
A: The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another
through bacteriophage is known as transduction. Lederberg and Zinder,
Salmonella typhimurium.
Q: What is the shape of T4 phage? What is its genetic material?
A: Tadpole shape. DNA (Deoxy Ribo Nucleic Acid)
Q: What is the shape of TMV? What is its genetic material?
A: Rod shape. RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid)
Q: Explain the terms phenotype and genotype.
A: Phenotype: It is the physical or external appearance of a
character. Genotype: It is the genetic makeup of an individual.
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