Q: Why is Mendel considered as father of genetics?
A: As Mendel introduced the laws of inheritance he is considered as
the father of genetics.
Q: Who discovered the cell and what was the book written by him?
A: Robert Hooke.
Micrographia.
Q: Name the branches of Botany which deal with the chlorophyllous
autotrophic thallophytes and non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic
thallophytes.
A: Phycology deals with algae (chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes).
Mycology deals with fungi (non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes).
Q: What is the basis of classification of algae?
A: a) Pigmentation and b) Type of food stored.
Q: Differentiate between syngamy and triple fusion.
A: Syngamy is the fusion of first male gamete with the female egg cell
to form a diploid zygote.
Triple fusion is the fusion of second male gamete with diploid
secondary nucleus to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus.
Q: Name the stored food materials found in Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae.
A: Phaeophyceae - stored food is laminarin or mannitol.
Rhodophyceae - stored food is Floridian starch.
Q: Name the pigments responsible for brown colour of Phaeophyceae and
red colour of Rhodophyceae.
A: Fucoxanthin - brown colour of Phaeophyceae.
r-Phycoerythrin - red colour of Rhodophyceae.
Q: Name the integumented megasporangium found in Gymnosperms. How many
female gametophytes are generally formed inside the megasporangium?
A: Ovule - Integumented megasporangium.
One female gametophyte.
Q: Name the gymnosperms which contain mycorrhizae and coralloid roots
respectively.
A: Pinus - Mycorrhizae
Cycas - coralloid roots.
Q: What the first organisms to colonise rocks? Give the generic name
of the moss which provides peat.
A: Lichens and mosses - first organisms to colonize rocks. . Sphagnum
moss provides peat.
Q: Which group of plants is called vascular cryptogams?
Name the branch of Botany which deals with them?
A: Pteridophyta.
Pteridology.
IPE First Year Botany Important Questions for 2 Marks - AP and Telangana Boards
Q: What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?
A: Phycobiont is the algal partner of a lichen.
Mycobiont is the fungal partner of a lichen.
Q: What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify?
A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in
polluted water bodies are called algal blooms.
The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes
sea water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean sea.
Q: State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.
A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics.
Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands.
Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk.
Q: What is the principle underlying the use of cyanobacteria in
agricultural fields for crop improvement?
A: Cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena possess special cells called
heterocysts which can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Hence they can be used
in agriculture for crop improvement.
Q: Plants are autotrophic. Name some plants which are partially heterotrophic.
A: Partially heterotrophic plants . Bladder wort (Utricularia)
Venus fly trap (Dionea)
Q: Who proposed five kingdom classification? How many kingdoms of this
classification contain eukaryotes?
A: R.H. Whittaker.
Four (4) kingdoms
(Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia).
Q: Give the main criteria used for classification by Whittaker.
A: a. Cell structure b. Thallus organization c. Mode of nutrition
d. Reproduction e. Phylogenetic relationships
Q: Name two diseases caused by Mycoplasmas.
A: Witches broom in plants.
Pleuropneumonia in cattle.
Mycoplasmal urethritis in humans.
Q: What are slime moulds? Explain what is meant by plasmodium with
reference to slime moulds.
A: Slime moulds are saprophytic multinucleated protists.
The large multinucleated aggregation formed by slime moulds during
favourable conditions is called a plasmodium.
Q: Explain how the term botany has emerged.
A: 'Bous' in greek means cattle and 'Bouskein' means cattle feed. The
word bouskein gave rise to 'Botane' and then 'Botany'.
Q: Name the books written by Parasara and mention the important
aspects discussed in those books.
A: a. Krishi parasaram - deals with agriculture and weeds.
b. Vrikshayurveda - deals with different types of forests, external
and internal characters of plants (medicinal plants).
Q: Who is popularly known as father of Botany? What was the book written by him?
A: Theophrastus.
De Historia Plantarum.
Q: Who are herbalists? What are the books written by them?
A: The botanists who identified and described medicinal plants during
16th and 17th centuries were called herbalists.
Herbals.
A: Phycobiont is the algal partner of a lichen.
Mycobiont is the fungal partner of a lichen.
Q: What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify?
A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in
polluted water bodies are called algal blooms.
The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes
sea water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean sea.
Q: State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.
A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics.
Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands.
Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk.
Q: What is the principle underlying the use of cyanobacteria in
agricultural fields for crop improvement?
A: Cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena possess special cells called
heterocysts which can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Hence they can be used
in agriculture for crop improvement.
Q: Plants are autotrophic. Name some plants which are partially heterotrophic.
A: Partially heterotrophic plants . Bladder wort (Utricularia)
Venus fly trap (Dionea)
Q: Who proposed five kingdom classification? How many kingdoms of this
classification contain eukaryotes?
A: R.H. Whittaker.
Four (4) kingdoms
(Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia).
Q: Give the main criteria used for classification by Whittaker.
A: a. Cell structure b. Thallus organization c. Mode of nutrition
d. Reproduction e. Phylogenetic relationships
Q: Name two diseases caused by Mycoplasmas.
A: Witches broom in plants.
Pleuropneumonia in cattle.
Mycoplasmal urethritis in humans.
Q: What are slime moulds? Explain what is meant by plasmodium with
reference to slime moulds.
A: Slime moulds are saprophytic multinucleated protists.
The large multinucleated aggregation formed by slime moulds during
favourable conditions is called a plasmodium.
Q: Explain how the term botany has emerged.
A: 'Bous' in greek means cattle and 'Bouskein' means cattle feed. The
word bouskein gave rise to 'Botane' and then 'Botany'.
Q: Name the books written by Parasara and mention the important
aspects discussed in those books.
A: a. Krishi parasaram - deals with agriculture and weeds.
b. Vrikshayurveda - deals with different types of forests, external
and internal characters of plants (medicinal plants).
Q: Who is popularly known as father of Botany? What was the book written by him?
A: Theophrastus.
De Historia Plantarum.
Q: Who are herbalists? What are the books written by them?
A: The botanists who identified and described medicinal plants during
16th and 17th centuries were called herbalists.
Herbals.
Junior Inter Botany Important 2 Marks Questions of 1-4 Chapters
Q: What does ICBN stand for?
A: ICBN stands for International Code for Botanical Nomenclature.
Q: What is flora?
A: Flora is a book that contains the actual account of habitat,
distribution and systematic listing of plants of a given area.
Q: Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in
the body of a living organism. Anabolism refers to the synthesis of
bigger molecules from small molecules during chemical reactions. In
one way it is a constructive process. Catabolism is the breakdown of
bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a destructive or lytic
process.
Q: Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well
known botanical gardens in India.
A: Largest botanical garden in the world - (Royal) Botanical garden or Kew
botanical garden - England.
Botanical gardens in India: Indian
Botanical garden - Howrah, National
Botanical Research Institute - Lucknow.
Q: Define the terms couplet and lead in taxonomic key.
A: A pair of contrasting characters in a key is called a couplet.
Each statement in the key is called a lead.
Q: What is the basic unit of classification? Define it.
A: Species is the basic unit of classification. Species is a group of
individual organisms with fundamental similarities.
Q: What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living
organisms and growth in non-living objects?
A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth.
Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division.
Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of
materials outside.
Q: What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?
A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves
called epitheca and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox.
It is made up of hard and indestructible silica.
Q: How are viroids different from viruses?
A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat.
Ex: Potato spindle tuber viroid. Viroid contains only nucleic acid
(RNA) whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat.
Q: Give the scientific name of Mango. Identify the generic name and
specific epithet.
A: Mango - Mangifera indica
Generic name - Mangifera
Specific epithet - indica
Q: Give two examples for unicellular, colonial and filamentous algae. (2 Marks)
A: Chlamydomonas - unicellular alga.
Volvox - colonial alga
Spirogyra and Ulothrix - filamentous alga.
A: ICBN stands for International Code for Botanical Nomenclature.
Q: What is flora?
A: Flora is a book that contains the actual account of habitat,
distribution and systematic listing of plants of a given area.
Q: Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in
the body of a living organism. Anabolism refers to the synthesis of
bigger molecules from small molecules during chemical reactions. In
one way it is a constructive process. Catabolism is the breakdown of
bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a destructive or lytic
process.
Q: Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well
known botanical gardens in India.
A: Largest botanical garden in the world - (Royal) Botanical garden or Kew
botanical garden - England.
Botanical gardens in India: Indian
Botanical garden - Howrah, National
Botanical Research Institute - Lucknow.
Q: Define the terms couplet and lead in taxonomic key.
A: A pair of contrasting characters in a key is called a couplet.
Each statement in the key is called a lead.
Q: What is the basic unit of classification? Define it.
A: Species is the basic unit of classification. Species is a group of
individual organisms with fundamental similarities.
Q: What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living
organisms and growth in non-living objects?
A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth.
Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division.
Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of
materials outside.
Q: What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?
A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves
called epitheca and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox.
It is made up of hard and indestructible silica.
Q: How are viroids different from viruses?
A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat.
Ex: Potato spindle tuber viroid. Viroid contains only nucleic acid
(RNA) whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat.
Q: Give the scientific name of Mango. Identify the generic name and
specific epithet.
A: Mango - Mangifera indica
Generic name - Mangifera
Specific epithet - indica
Q: Give two examples for unicellular, colonial and filamentous algae. (2 Marks)
A: Chlamydomonas - unicellular alga.
Volvox - colonial alga
Spirogyra and Ulothrix - filamentous alga.
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