Q: Write a brief note on semi technical description of a typical flowering plant.
A: Description of parts of a flowering plant is necessary for characterization, identification and classification of plants. Technical terms are used to describe the habit, habitat, vegetative characters (roots, stem and leaves) and floral characters like inflorescence, flower in general and detail, fruit, seed, pollination etc.
A typical flowering plant is described using technical terminology as follows:
Habit: Herb/ Shrub/ Tree/ Climber etc.
Habitat: Mesophyte/ xerophytes/ hydrophyte etc.
Vegetative characters:
Root: Taproot/ Fibrous root/ Modifications if any.
Stem: Woody/ herbaceous/ climber/ creeper etc
Leaf: Radical/ cauline/ venation/ phyllotaxy
Floral characters:
Inflorescence: Position and type
Flower: general description like presence or absence of bracts, bracteoles etc, merosity, sexuality, symmetry and type based on position of the ovary.
Calyx: No. of sepals, union, aestivation.
Corolla: No. of petals, union, aestivation etc.
Androecium: No. of stamens, their union, anthers etc.
Gynoecium: No. and union of carpels, No. of
locules, position of ovary, placentation etc.
Pollination: Self or cross pollination, contrivances and mechanisms.
Fruit: type
Seed: Dicot or monocot, endospermic or non endospermic.
Q: Describe the non-essential floral parts of plants belonging to Fabaceae.
A: Calyx and corolla are the non-essential floral parts. In Fabaceae the calyx and corolla show the following features:
Calyx: Sepals five, gamosepalous (united), valvate or imbricate aestivation, odd sepal
anterior.
Corolla: Five petals, polypetalous (free), papilionaceous corolla with one large standard petal, two lateral wing petals and two anterior fused petals called keel petals. The keel petals enclose essential organs. The odd petal is posterior. Vexillary or descendingly imbricate aestivation.
Q: Give an account of floral diagram.
A: Floral diagram and floral formula are used to describe the flower precisely.
Floral diagram gives information about the number of parts of a flower, their arrangement and interrelationships with one another.
The axis represents the posterior side and indicated as a dot or circle on the top of the floral diagram.
The bract represents the anterior side and indicated at the bottom of the floral diagram.
If bracteoles are present they are indicated beside the bract.
The four whorls of a flower calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium are indicated as
successive whorls from outside to inside.
The outermost whorl is the calyx and the innermost whorl represents gynoecium.
Floral formula is usually written below the floral diagram to describe the flower with
symbols and numbers.
Junior Inter Botany - Imp Questions for IPE Exams - Taxonomy of Angiosperms
Q: What is 'Omega Taxonomy'?
A: The taxonomy which uses information from other sources like embryology, cytology,
palynology, phyto chemistry, serology etc. along with morphological features is
known as 'Omega Taxonomy'.
Q: What is natural system of plant classification?
Name the scientists who followed it.
A: The system of classification that considers all possible morphological characters and their natural relationships is called natural system of classification.
Bentham and Hooker followed this system.
Q: Explain the scope and significance of Numerical taxonomy.
A: Numerical taxonomy can be used to evaluate differences and similarities between
taxonomic groups using mathematics and computers.
As this method uses numbers and codes it is easy and quick process and can be used
for hundreds of characters at a time.
Q: What is geocarpy? Name the plant which exhibits this phenomenon.
A: Production of fruit inside the soil is called geocarpy.
Arachis hypogea (groundnut).
Q: Name the type of pollination mechanism found in members of Fabaceae.
A: Piston mechanism.
Q: Give the technical description of anthers of Allium cepa.
A: Anthers of Allium cepa are dithecous, basifixed, introrse and show longitudinal
dehiscence.
Q: Give the technical description of ovary of Solanum nigrum. (2 Marks)
A: The ovary of Solanum nigrum is bi or unilocular, superior ovary with many ovules on
axile placenta. The carpels are arranged obliquely at 45°. Style is terminal and stigma
capitate.
A: The taxonomy which uses information from other sources like embryology, cytology,
palynology, phyto chemistry, serology etc. along with morphological features is
known as 'Omega Taxonomy'.
Q: What is natural system of plant classification?
Name the scientists who followed it.
A: The system of classification that considers all possible morphological characters and their natural relationships is called natural system of classification.
Bentham and Hooker followed this system.
Q: Explain the scope and significance of Numerical taxonomy.
A: Numerical taxonomy can be used to evaluate differences and similarities between
taxonomic groups using mathematics and computers.
As this method uses numbers and codes it is easy and quick process and can be used
for hundreds of characters at a time.
Q: What is geocarpy? Name the plant which exhibits this phenomenon.
A: Production of fruit inside the soil is called geocarpy.
Arachis hypogea (groundnut).
Q: Name the type of pollination mechanism found in members of Fabaceae.
A: Piston mechanism.
Q: Give the technical description of anthers of Allium cepa.
A: Anthers of Allium cepa are dithecous, basifixed, introrse and show longitudinal
dehiscence.
Q: Give the technical description of ovary of Solanum nigrum. (2 Marks)
A: The ovary of Solanum nigrum is bi or unilocular, superior ovary with many ovules on
axile placenta. The carpels are arranged obliquely at 45°. Style is terminal and stigma
capitate.
Andhra Brahmin Corporation Training Programmes 2015-16
Andhra Pradesh Brahmin Welfare Organisation (a Government of Andhra Pradesh owned organisation) has announced ABC Limited Dronacharya Scheme for the unemployed Brahman youth in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The organisation is imparting training in the following areas:
Areas of training: Arranging solar plates and management, retail industry, communication, facing interviews and analytical abilities, engineering (electrical, mechanical, electronics, IT, CSE), Information technology (Java, Dotnet, Testing), communication and interest.
Duration of the training is 12 days to 45 days. Training centers are available at Vizianagaram, Vizag, Rajahmundry, Amalapuram, Vijayawada, Nellore and Tirupati.
Candidates should have passed in Intermediate, ITI, Graduation or B.Tech (Any one of these qualifications is required.). Interested candidates can apply online through www.andhrabrahmin.org. Last date for the online registrations is 31 December 2015.
Address: Andhra Brahmin Welfare Organisation, 3rd floor, Endowments Commissionarate, Government of AP, Tilak Road, Abids, Hyderabad. Phone: 040 - 24767879.
Email: apbrahmincorporation@gmail.com
Website: www.andhrabrahmin.org .
Areas of training: Arranging solar plates and management, retail industry, communication, facing interviews and analytical abilities, engineering (electrical, mechanical, electronics, IT, CSE), Information technology (Java, Dotnet, Testing), communication and interest.
Duration of the training is 12 days to 45 days. Training centers are available at Vizianagaram, Vizag, Rajahmundry, Amalapuram, Vijayawada, Nellore and Tirupati.
Candidates should have passed in Intermediate, ITI, Graduation or B.Tech (Any one of these qualifications is required.). Interested candidates can apply online through www.andhrabrahmin.org. Last date for the online registrations is 31 December 2015.
Address: Andhra Brahmin Welfare Organisation, 3rd floor, Endowments Commissionarate, Government of AP, Tilak Road, Abids, Hyderabad. Phone: 040 - 24767879.
Email: apbrahmincorporation@gmail.com
Website: www.andhrabrahmin.org .
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