The elements of grammar and vocabulary are to be contextually embedded
in appropriate discourses. So dialoguing is the only way which will
equip the learners with language. The students have to go beyond the
text book by exploring other materials such as newspapers, journals,
story books, etc., to widen their world of English. The questions and
activities given under comprehension demand the learners to use
language authentically. The questions are primarily application based
ones.
Short Answer Questions
Q: How does 'the chicken drum stick' help Nick Vujicic?
A: 'The chicken drum stick' is nothing but the small foot on Nick's
left hip. It helps him balance and enables him to kick. He uses his
small foot to type, write and pick things up between his toes. Nick
feels that he would do nothing if he doesn't have the small foot.
Q: How did Nick's parents help him to become independent?
A: Nick's father put him in the water when he was 18 months and
encouraged him to swim. He taught Nick how to type with his toe when
he was just 6 years of age. His mother invented a special plastic
device with which he could hold a pen and pencil.
Q: Which incident in the text is funny? What makes it funny?
A: Once, when Nick was in a car, a girl at the traffic lights was
giving him the eye. She could only see his head. So Nick decided to do
a 360 in the car seat to freak her out. Her face was like wooooah. She
sped off as quickly as she could.
Q: What do you learn from the life of Nick Vujicic?
A: From the life of Vujicic we learn that physical handicap does not
stop one's success and good will power makes miracles. What needs is
dedication and determination.
Q: Why do you think Nick was awarded the Australian Young Citizen of
the Year award?
A: Nick was awarded the Australian Young Citizen of the Year award for
his bravery and preserverance. He faced the challenges bravely and
reached such a great height in his life.
Q: 'The teenager was disappointed'. Who was 'the teenager'? Why was he
disappointed?
A: 'The teenager' was Narayana Murthy. He was disappointed because his
father did not agree to allow him to study at the IIT though he had
passed with a high rank.
Q: 'They were excited and talking loudly'. Who were excited? Why were
they excited?
A: The persons who were excited were Murthy's friends, They were all
excited about their new life, new hostels and new courses, etc. at the
IIT.
Q: What did Socrates suggest as the secret to success? Do you agree or
disagree with him? Give reasons for your answer.
A: Socrates suggested that the burning desire is the only secret to
success. I agree with it. Unless we have a strong passion for
something, we cannot achieve it. The burning desire is the starting
point of all accomplishments.
Sr Inter Botany 4 Marks Important Questions for AP and Telangana Exams
Q: Write any four physiological effects of cytokinins in plants. (4 Marks)
A: Some of the physiological effects of cytokinins in plants are: They
promote cell division in root apices, shoot buds and young fruits.
They help to produce new leaves and chloroplasts in leaves. They
promote adventitious shoot formation. Cytokinins help to overcome
apical dominance and promote lateral shoot growth. They promote
nutrient mobilisation and help in delay of leaf senescence.
Q: How are bacteria classified on the basis of number and distribution
of flagella? (4 Marks)
A: Based on the number and distribution of flagella the bacteria may
be classified as: Monotrichous having a single polar flagellum.
Amphitrichous having a single flagellum at each end of the cell.
Lophotrichous having two or more flagella at one pole of the cell.
Peritrichous having flagella distributed over the entire cell.
Q: Explain the lytic cycle with reference to certain viruses. (4 Marks)
A: Viruses like bacteriophages multiply by any of the two methods
lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. Lytic cycle: Lytic cycle caused lysis
or death of host cell. T-even phages which cause lysis are called
virulent phages. Lytic cycle involves 5 steps:
Adsorption: It is the attachment of phage particle to the bacterial
host cell on complementary receptor sites.
Penetration: The tail sheath of the phage contracts and injects the
DNA into the bacterial cell. The capsid of the phage remains outside
the host cell as a ghost.
Bio synthesis: As the phage DNA enters the host cells it uses the cell
machinery and synthesizes phage DNA and capsid proteins. But the
complete virus particles do not appear hence called eclipse period.
Maturation: During this phase bacteriophage DNA and capsids assemble
into complete virions.
Release: At this stage the viral enzyme lysozyme produced in the host
cell dissolves the plasma membrane and breaks the cell wall to release
the newly synthesized
phage particles or virions. This phase is hence called lysis phase.
The number of newly synthesized phage particles released from a single
host cell is called 'burst size'. (50 to 200).
Q: Differentiate between the following: a) Dominant and recessive b)
Homozygous and heterozygous (4 Marks)
A: a) Dominant: It is the character that is expressed phenotypically
in both homozygous and heterozygous condition.
Recessive: It is the character which is not expressed phenotypically
in heterozygous condition.
b) Homozygous: An individual with two similar or identical alleles for
a single character. It produces only one kind of gametes with
reference to that character (gene).
Heterozygous: An individual with two different alleles for a single
character. It produces two different types of gametes with reference
to a gene.
A: Some of the physiological effects of cytokinins in plants are: They
promote cell division in root apices, shoot buds and young fruits.
They help to produce new leaves and chloroplasts in leaves. They
promote adventitious shoot formation. Cytokinins help to overcome
apical dominance and promote lateral shoot growth. They promote
nutrient mobilisation and help in delay of leaf senescence.
Q: How are bacteria classified on the basis of number and distribution
of flagella? (4 Marks)
A: Based on the number and distribution of flagella the bacteria may
be classified as: Monotrichous having a single polar flagellum.
Amphitrichous having a single flagellum at each end of the cell.
Lophotrichous having two or more flagella at one pole of the cell.
Peritrichous having flagella distributed over the entire cell.
Q: Explain the lytic cycle with reference to certain viruses. (4 Marks)
A: Viruses like bacteriophages multiply by any of the two methods
lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. Lytic cycle: Lytic cycle caused lysis
or death of host cell. T-even phages which cause lysis are called
virulent phages. Lytic cycle involves 5 steps:
Adsorption: It is the attachment of phage particle to the bacterial
host cell on complementary receptor sites.
Penetration: The tail sheath of the phage contracts and injects the
DNA into the bacterial cell. The capsid of the phage remains outside
the host cell as a ghost.
Bio synthesis: As the phage DNA enters the host cells it uses the cell
machinery and synthesizes phage DNA and capsid proteins. But the
complete virus particles do not appear hence called eclipse period.
Maturation: During this phase bacteriophage DNA and capsids assemble
into complete virions.
Release: At this stage the viral enzyme lysozyme produced in the host
cell dissolves the plasma membrane and breaks the cell wall to release
the newly synthesized
phage particles or virions. This phase is hence called lysis phase.
The number of newly synthesized phage particles released from a single
host cell is called 'burst size'. (50 to 200).
Q: Differentiate between the following: a) Dominant and recessive b)
Homozygous and heterozygous (4 Marks)
A: a) Dominant: It is the character that is expressed phenotypically
in both homozygous and heterozygous condition.
Recessive: It is the character which is not expressed phenotypically
in heterozygous condition.
b) Homozygous: An individual with two similar or identical alleles for
a single character. It produces only one kind of gametes with
reference to that character (gene).
Heterozygous: An individual with two different alleles for a single
character. It produces two different types of gametes with reference
to a gene.
IPE Exams - Senior Inter Botany Important Questions and Answers
As the questions in the academy textbook (2014 reprint) have been
revised, the students need to note that some of the questions have
been deleted while a few have been added. Some of the important
questions discussed here are according to the 2014 reprint textbook.
2 Marks Questions
Q: Define respiratory climacteric. Name the PGR associated with it.
A: A rise in the rate of respiration during fruit ripening is called
respiratory climacteric. Ethylene.
Q: Define the terms quiescence and dormancy.
A: When a seed is unable to germinate because of unfavourable external
conditions required for growth it is called quiescence. When a seed is
unable to germinate due to internal conditions like hard seed coats it
is called dormancy. (Though the external conditions are favourable).
Q: What is conjugation? Who discovered it and in which organism?
A: The direct transfer of DNA from donor cell to the recipient cell
through a conjugation tube between two live bacteria is called
conjugation. Lederberg and Tatum, Escherichia coli.
Q: What is transduction? Who discovered it and in which organism?
A: The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another
through bacteriophage is known as transduction. Lederberg and Zinder,
Salmonella typhimurium.
Q: What is the shape of T4 phage? What is its genetic material?
A: Tadpole shape. DNA (Deoxy Ribo Nucleic Acid)
Q: What is the shape of TMV? What is its genetic material?
A: Rod shape. RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid)
Q: Explain the terms phenotype and genotype.
A: Phenotype: It is the physical or external appearance of a
character. Genotype: It is the genetic makeup of an individual.
revised, the students need to note that some of the questions have
been deleted while a few have been added. Some of the important
questions discussed here are according to the 2014 reprint textbook.
2 Marks Questions
Q: Define respiratory climacteric. Name the PGR associated with it.
A: A rise in the rate of respiration during fruit ripening is called
respiratory climacteric. Ethylene.
Q: Define the terms quiescence and dormancy.
A: When a seed is unable to germinate because of unfavourable external
conditions required for growth it is called quiescence. When a seed is
unable to germinate due to internal conditions like hard seed coats it
is called dormancy. (Though the external conditions are favourable).
Q: What is conjugation? Who discovered it and in which organism?
A: The direct transfer of DNA from donor cell to the recipient cell
through a conjugation tube between two live bacteria is called
conjugation. Lederberg and Tatum, Escherichia coli.
Q: What is transduction? Who discovered it and in which organism?
A: The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another
through bacteriophage is known as transduction. Lederberg and Zinder,
Salmonella typhimurium.
Q: What is the shape of T4 phage? What is its genetic material?
A: Tadpole shape. DNA (Deoxy Ribo Nucleic Acid)
Q: What is the shape of TMV? What is its genetic material?
A: Rod shape. RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid)
Q: Explain the terms phenotype and genotype.
A: Phenotype: It is the physical or external appearance of a
character. Genotype: It is the genetic makeup of an individual.
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