Q: Give any 4 applications of emulsions.
A: Fats are digested in intestines due to emulsification. Emulsions
like lotions, creams, ointments are used as medicines. Cleansing
action of soaps in washing clothes is due to formation of emulsion.
Concentration of ores by froth flotation process.
Q: Give any 4 applications of Adsorption.
A: Removal of colouring matter from solutions by animal Charcoal. In
froth flotation process. In controlling humidity by Silica gel (or)
alumina gel. In the separation of Noble gases from their mixture on
activated Charcoal at different temperatures.
Q: Give any 4 applications of Colloids.
A: In the purification of drinking water by coagulation of suspended
impurities by alum. Hardening of skin (tanning) by soaking animal skin
in tannin or in Chromium salt. Colloidal medicines like argyrol is (a
silver sol) used as eye lotion, colloidal antimony is used in curing
Kalaazar. In cleansing action of soaps and detergents.
Q: What are emulsions? How are they classified?
A: The colloidal system in which dispersed phase and dispersion medium
are liquids is called emulsion.
Oil in water type emulsion: The emulsion in which dispersed phase is
oil and, dispersion medium is water. eg: Milk, Vanishing cream
Water in oil type emulsion: The emulsion in which dispersed phase is
water and dispersion medium is oil. eg: Butter, Cold cream
Senior Intermediate - Surface Chemistry Important Questions
Q: Explain the terms i) Tyndall effect ii) Brownian movement iii)
Coagulation iv) Electrophoresis.
A: i) Tyndall effect: The phenomenon of scattering of light by
colloidal particles in all directions and formation of bright glowing
cones is called tyndall effect.
ii) Brownian movement: The continuous rapid Zig-Zag movement by
colloidal particles in the dispersion medium.
iii) Coagulation: The phenomenon of lose of charge by a colloidal
solution and coming down as precipitate on addition of electrolyte.
iv) Electrophoresis: The phenomenon of migration of colloidal
particles (+vely charged particles towards Cathode & -vely charged
particles towards Anode) under an applied emf to form precipitate due
to lose of charge.
Q: Explain the terms i) Autocatalysis ii) Gold number iii) Hardy -
Schulze rule iv) Kraft temperature.
A: i) Auto Catalysis: The catalysis in which one of products formed
acts as catalyst.
eg: CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH + C2H5OH
ii) Gold number: The mass in milligrams (of lyophilic colloid) which
prevents coagulation of 10 ml of gold sol on adding 1 ml of 10% NaCl
solution.
iii) Hardy - Schulze rule: The coagulating ability of oppositely
charged ions is directly proportional to the charge of coagulating
ions.
iv) Kraft temperature: The temperature above which a micelle is formed.
Q: What is micelle? Explain cleaning action of Soap.
A: Colloidal sized associated particle having hydrophobic end (tail)
and hydrophilic end (head) is called micelle. At critical micelle
concentration, 'ionic micelles' are formed. In Sodium sterate (soap),
sterate ion has C17H35 non polar (tail) part, which dissolves grease
and polar part COO− (head) attracts water to form emulsion. By
washing, spinning, soaking grease containing emulsion washes away with
water.
Coagulation iv) Electrophoresis.
A: i) Tyndall effect: The phenomenon of scattering of light by
colloidal particles in all directions and formation of bright glowing
cones is called tyndall effect.
ii) Brownian movement: The continuous rapid Zig-Zag movement by
colloidal particles in the dispersion medium.
iii) Coagulation: The phenomenon of lose of charge by a colloidal
solution and coming down as precipitate on addition of electrolyte.
iv) Electrophoresis: The phenomenon of migration of colloidal
particles (+vely charged particles towards Cathode & -vely charged
particles towards Anode) under an applied emf to form precipitate due
to lose of charge.
Q: Explain the terms i) Autocatalysis ii) Gold number iii) Hardy -
Schulze rule iv) Kraft temperature.
A: i) Auto Catalysis: The catalysis in which one of products formed
acts as catalyst.
eg: CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH + C2H5OH
ii) Gold number: The mass in milligrams (of lyophilic colloid) which
prevents coagulation of 10 ml of gold sol on adding 1 ml of 10% NaCl
solution.
iii) Hardy - Schulze rule: The coagulating ability of oppositely
charged ions is directly proportional to the charge of coagulating
ions.
iv) Kraft temperature: The temperature above which a micelle is formed.
Q: What is micelle? Explain cleaning action of Soap.
A: Colloidal sized associated particle having hydrophobic end (tail)
and hydrophilic end (head) is called micelle. At critical micelle
concentration, 'ionic micelles' are formed. In Sodium sterate (soap),
sterate ion has C17H35 non polar (tail) part, which dissolves grease
and polar part COO− (head) attracts water to form emulsion. By
washing, spinning, soaking grease containing emulsion washes away with
water.
10th Class English Grammar and Vocabulary Important Questions from New Syllabus
I. Complete the passage choosing the right word from those given below
it. Each blank is numbered and has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D).
Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C)
or (D) in the blank.
A young man asked Socrates ...(1)... secret to success. Socrates told
the young man to meet him near the river next morning. They met.
Socrates asked the young man to walk with him towards the river. When
the water got up to their neck, Socrates took the young man ...(2)...
surprise and ducked him into the water. The boy struggled to get out
but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started
...(3)... blue. Socrates pulled his head out of the water and the
first thing the young man did was to gasp and take a deep breath of
air. Socrates asked, "What ...(4)... you want the most when you were
there?". The boy replied, "Air". Socrates said, "That is the secret to
success. When you want success as ...(5)... as you wanted the air,
then you will get it". There is no other secret ....
1. A) a B) an C) the D) some
2. A) with B) on C) by D) in
3. A) turn B) turning C) turns D) turned
4. A) did B) do C) does D) have
5. A) more badly B) bad C) badly D) most badly
Answers: 1-C; 2-C; 3-B; 4-A; 5-C.
II. Tick the most appropriate One-word substitutes for the following.
1. A person or thing that cannot be corrected
A) unintelligible B) indelible C) illegible D) incorrigible
2. A person of good understanding, knowledge and reasoning power
A) expert B) intellectual C) snob D) literate
3. A person who knows many languages
A) linguist B) grammarian C) polyglot D) bilingual
4. One who possesses many talents
A) prodigy B) versatile C) exceptional D) gifted
Answers: 1-D; 2-B; 3-A; 4-B.
it. Each blank is numbered and has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D).
Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C)
or (D) in the blank.
A young man asked Socrates ...(1)... secret to success. Socrates told
the young man to meet him near the river next morning. They met.
Socrates asked the young man to walk with him towards the river. When
the water got up to their neck, Socrates took the young man ...(2)...
surprise and ducked him into the water. The boy struggled to get out
but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started
...(3)... blue. Socrates pulled his head out of the water and the
first thing the young man did was to gasp and take a deep breath of
air. Socrates asked, "What ...(4)... you want the most when you were
there?". The boy replied, "Air". Socrates said, "That is the secret to
success. When you want success as ...(5)... as you wanted the air,
then you will get it". There is no other secret ....
1. A) a B) an C) the D) some
2. A) with B) on C) by D) in
3. A) turn B) turning C) turns D) turned
4. A) did B) do C) does D) have
5. A) more badly B) bad C) badly D) most badly
Answers: 1-C; 2-C; 3-B; 4-A; 5-C.
II. Tick the most appropriate One-word substitutes for the following.
1. A person or thing that cannot be corrected
A) unintelligible B) indelible C) illegible D) incorrigible
2. A person of good understanding, knowledge and reasoning power
A) expert B) intellectual C) snob D) literate
3. A person who knows many languages
A) linguist B) grammarian C) polyglot D) bilingual
4. One who possesses many talents
A) prodigy B) versatile C) exceptional D) gifted
Answers: 1-D; 2-B; 3-A; 4-B.
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