Q: Explain binomial nomenclature.
A: Binomial nomenclature is system of providing a name to living organisms with two components.
- It was first introduced by Gaspard Bauhin and popularized by Carolus Von Linnaeus through his book, 'Species Plantarum'.
- The scientific or biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics.
- The ICBN (International code for Botanical Nomenclature) lays down principles for naming the plants.
- In Binomial nomenclature every plant will have a name with two words. The first word is 'genus' and the second 'species'.
- Genus is a noun and always begins with a capital letter. Species is an adjective and always begins with a small letter.
- Name of the author may be written after the specific epithet.
Ex: Mango in binomial system is written as Mangifera indica Linn. Mangifera is the genus and indica is the species.
Q: Write the role of fungi in our daily life.
A: Fungi play both useful as well as harmful roles in our daily life. Some of the uses of fungi are:
- Fungi like yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) are used in preparation of bread and beer.
- Fungi like Pencillium are used for preparation of antibiotics.
- Fungi are heterotrophic decomposers of the soil which are very important for recycling of elements.
- Fungi like mushrooms, morels and truffles are good source of nutrients and are used as food.
- Fungi like Neurospora are used in biochemical and genetic research.
- Some fungi like Trichoderma are used in agriculture.
(Note: At least two)
- Some of the harmful effects of fungi are:
- They cause spoilage of food items and pickles.
Ex: Rhizopus (bread mold).
- They cause diseases on plants like red rot in sugarcane, tikka disease in groundnut etc.
Q: Explain in brief the scope of Botany in relation to agriculture, horticulture and medicine.
A: Knowledge of botany leads to experiments in hybridization and genetic engineering.
- Knowledge of plant breeding helps to develop hybrid varieties of rice, wheat, sugarcane etc.
- Mineral nutrition, plant hormones, seed dormancy, plant pathology etc. are studied in botany and help in improving crops, and crop yields.
- A knowledge of plant pathology helps in identification, prevention and eradication of plant diseases.
- Increasing the shelf-life of vegetables and leafy vegetables, artificial ripening of fruits is possible with plant growth hormones.
- Botany helps in development of industries like cotton, paper, pharmacy, sugar etc.
- Medicinal plants are used in human and animal healthcare.
- Plant science is the basis for ayurvedic pharmacies.
Junior Inter Botany Important Questions for IPE Exams in AP and TS
Q: What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living organisms and growth in non-living objects?
A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth.
Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division.
Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of materials outside.
Q: Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body of a living organism.
Anabolism refers to the synthesis of bigger molecules from small molecules during chemical reactions. In one way it is a constructive process.
Catabolism is the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a destructive or lytic process.
Q: What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?
A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves called epitheca and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox. It is made up of hard and indestructible silica.
Q: How are viroids different from viruses?
A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat.
Ex: Potato spindle tuber viroid. Viroid contains only nucleic acid (RNA) whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat.
Q: What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify?
A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in polluted water bodies are called algal blooms.
The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes sea water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean Sea.
Q: State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.
A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics.
Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands.
Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk.
Q: Name the branches of Botany which deal with the chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes and non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes.
A: Phycology deals with algae (chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes).
Mycology deals with fungi (non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes).
Q: Which group of plants is called vascular cryptogams? Name the branch of Botany which deals with them?
A: Pteridophyta. Pteridology.
Q: Who discovered the cell and what was the book written by him?
A: Robert Hooke.
Micrographia.
Q: What is the basis of classification of algae?
A: a) Pigmentation and
b) Type of food stored.
A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth.
Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division.
Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of materials outside.
Q: Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body of a living organism.
Anabolism refers to the synthesis of bigger molecules from small molecules during chemical reactions. In one way it is a constructive process.
Catabolism is the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a destructive or lytic process.
Q: What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?
A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves called epitheca and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox. It is made up of hard and indestructible silica.
Q: How are viroids different from viruses?
A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat.
Ex: Potato spindle tuber viroid. Viroid contains only nucleic acid (RNA) whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat.
Q: What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify?
A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in polluted water bodies are called algal blooms.
The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes sea water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean Sea.
Q: State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.
A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics.
Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands.
Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk.
Q: Name the branches of Botany which deal with the chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes and non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes.
A: Phycology deals with algae (chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes).
Mycology deals with fungi (non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes).
Q: Which group of plants is called vascular cryptogams? Name the branch of Botany which deals with them?
A: Pteridophyta. Pteridology.
Q: Who discovered the cell and what was the book written by him?
A: Robert Hooke.
Micrographia.
Q: What is the basis of classification of algae?
A: a) Pigmentation and
b) Type of food stored.
Inter First Year Zoology Imp Questions
Q: Compare and contrast the cartilagenous fishes and bony fishes.
Cartilagenous Fishes:
These fishes belong to the class - chondrichthys.
These are marine forms.
Endoskeleton is cartilagenous.
Skin is covered by placoid scales.
5-7 pairs of lamelliform gills are present operculum is absent.
Air bladder is absent.
Pelvic fins of males possess claspers.
Most of these fishes are viviparous.
eg: Scoliodon, Torpedo
Bony Fishes:
These fishes belong to the class - Osteichthys.
These fishes live in all types of water bodies.
Endoskeleton is bony.
Skin is covered by cosmoid, ganoid, cycloid or ctenoid scales.
Four pairs of filamentous gills are present.
Gills are covered by operculum.
Air bladder is present.
Claspers are absent.
Most of these fishes are oviparous.
eg: Exocoetus, Labeo
Cartilagenous Fishes:
These fishes belong to the class - chondrichthys.
These are marine forms.
Endoskeleton is cartilagenous.
Skin is covered by placoid scales.
5-7 pairs of lamelliform gills are present operculum is absent.
Air bladder is absent.
Pelvic fins of males possess claspers.
Most of these fishes are viviparous.
eg: Scoliodon, Torpedo
Bony Fishes:
These fishes belong to the class - Osteichthys.
These fishes live in all types of water bodies.
Endoskeleton is bony.
Skin is covered by cosmoid, ganoid, cycloid or ctenoid scales.
Four pairs of filamentous gills are present.
Gills are covered by operculum.
Air bladder is present.
Claspers are absent.
Most of these fishes are oviparous.
eg: Exocoetus, Labeo
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