1. State and explain Hess's law of constant heat summation. Explain with one example.
2. State the first law of thermodynamics. Explain its mathematical notation.
3. Explain the terms
a) Entropy b) Heat Capacity c) Enthalpy of formation and d) Enthalpy of combustion.
Very Short Answer type Questions
1. The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 10. What will be the value of ΔG(-)?
(R = 8.314 J.K.−1 mol−1, T = 300 K)
2. Given N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) → 2 NH3 (g); ΔH° = -92.4 K.J. mol−1.
What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH 3 gas?
3. State 2nd & 3rd laws of thermodynamics.
4. What are "extensive and intensive properties?"
5. Give the equation that gives the relationship between ΔU and ΔH.
Chemical Equilibrium and Acids - Bases (6 Marks)
Short Answer type Questions
1. Derive the relationship between kp and kc for the equilibrium reactions.
a) 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g) and
b) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)
2. State Le Chatlier's principle. Discuss the principle for the industrial synthesis of NH3 (or SO3).
3. Explain Lewis Acid - Base theory with suitable examples.
4. Explain the concept of Bronsted acids and Bronsted bases.
5. What is "Salt Hydrolysis"? Aqueous solution of NH4Cl is acidic where as aqueous solution of CH3COONa is basic. Why? Explain.
6. Explain the following.
a) Common ion effect b) Solubility product
7. What are Buffer solutions? Classify with one example each.
Very Short Answer type Questions
1. Calculate pH of 0.05 M NaOH solution.
2. Concentration of Hydrogen ion is 3.8 × 10−3 M. What is its pH?
3. What is homogeneous equilibrium? Give two examples.
4. What is heterogeneous equilibrium? Give 2 examples.
5. What is the value of kw at room temperature? What are its units?
6. Define pH. Calculate the pH of 0.05 M Ba(OH)2 aqueous solution.
7. 50 ml of 1 M CH3COOH solution, when added to 50 ml of 0.5 M NaOH gives
a solution with pH value 'x'. Find the value of 'x'. (pka of acetic acid is 4.8)
8. The solubility of Ag2CrO4 is 1.3 × 10−4 mol L−1. What is the solubility product?
9. What is the pH of 10−8 M HCl?
10. kc for the reaction, N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) is 0.5 at 400 K. Find kp.
Hydrogen and its compounds (4 Marks)
Short Answer type Questions
1. What is hardness of water? Write i) ion - exchange method ii) Calgon's method for the removal of permanent hardness of water.
2. Write few lines on the utility of Hydrogen as a fuel.
3. Write the chemical reactions to justify that hydrogen peroxide can function as oxidising as well as reducing agent.
4. Discuss with relevant chemical equations, various methods of preparing hydrogen peroxide.
5. Explain the terms
a) SYNGAS b) Coal gasification C) autoprotolysis and d) interstitial hydride.
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