a) The vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous
bundle sheaths.
b) Phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?
A: Monocot stem.
Q: Why xylem and phloem are called complex tissues?
A: Xylem and phloem are made up of more than one type of cells and these cells work
together as a unit. Hence they are called complex tissues.
Q: How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?
A: Study of plant anatomy is useful to us for better understanding of tissue organization in the roots, stems and leaves.
Q: Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. If the protoxylem lies radially next to phloem, what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it? Where do you find it?
A: Exarch xylem. It is found in Dicot and Monocot roots.
Q: What is the function of phloem parenchyma?
A: The phloem parenchyma stores food material and other substances like resins, latex
and mucilage.
Q: a) What is present on the surface of the leaves which helps the plant to prevent
loss of water but is absent in roots?
b) What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevents water loss?
A: a) Cuticle
b) Multicellular trichomes. In monocot leaves Bulliform cells.
Q: What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress? Give an
example.
A: Bulliform cells.
Ex: Grasses (Monocot leaf)
Q: What constitutes the vascular cambial ring?
A: Intra fascicular cambium and inter fascicular cambium.
Q: Give one basic functional difference between phellogen and phelloderm.
A: Phellogen cuts off cells on both sides and produces phellem (outside) and phelloderm
(inside).
The phelloderm or secondary cortex is parenchymatous and helps in storage.
Q: If one debarks a tree, what parts of the plant are removed?
A: Periderm (Phelloderm, phellogen and phellem) and secondary phloem.
Q: Climax stage is achieved quickly in secondary succession as compared to primary succession. Why?
A: Since some soil or sediment is already present, climax stage is achieved quickly in
secondary succession.
Q: Among bryophytes, lichens and ferns which one is a pioneer species in a xeric succession?
A: Lichens.
Q: Give any two examples of xerarch succession.
A: Lichens, Bryophytes.
Q: Name the type of land plants that can tolerate the salinities of the sea.
A: Halophytes. Ex: Rhizophora.
Q: Define heliophytes and sciophytes. Name a plant from your locality that is either heliophyte or sciophyte.
A: Heliophytes: Plants that grow in direct sunlight.
Sciophytes: Plants that grow in shady places.
Ex: Pothos (Money plant)
Q: Define population and community.
A: Population: A group of similar individuals belonging to the same species found in an
area.
Community: A group of different populations in an area.
Q: Which part of the plant would show the following?
a) Radial vascular bundle b) Polyarch xylem
c) Well developed pith d) Exarch xylem
A: a) Roots b) Monocot roots
c) Monocot roots and dicot stems d) Roots
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